-analysis macrostructural-
(*) degree in Geology at the ' University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Introduction In this brief study is to describe the personal considerations than the discovery of some pyramids in Italy. We will refer to the structure of Reggio Emilia Vesallo recently described by Romano (2009) and Conrad (2009). The study provides
le seguenti fasi:
· Ricerca bibliografica inerente alle principali strutture tettoniche dell’area di Vesallo;
· Studio delle foto satellitari prese da Google Maps per cartografare le strutture tettoniche alla scala regionale e la morfologia delle piramidi;
al fine di descrivere i processi genetici della struttura piramidale.
Inquadramento geografico e geologico - geomorfologico
La struttura piramidale (coordinate geografiche: N 44° 26' 22.46" E 10° 32' 13.83" di Grw.) si trova nel territorio di Reggio Emilia, tra il paese di Vesallo e quello di Savognatica situati a sud-ovest di Carpiteti (fig. 1).
Il paesaggio รจ characterized by lithologies belonging to the Succession Epiligure (Bettelli and ALT., 1989a and 1989b) characterized a lithology arenarceo - conglomerate and the roof from pelitic turbidites (HAMMERS AND ALT., 1996). These lithologies belong to the formation Ranzano. On the basis of sedimentary characteristics and can differentiate into different States: Member of the Vall Pelloso and member of Melegari Varano, both mapped by the Geological Survey, Seismic Soil Survey of Emilia - Romagna (Fig. 2).
Interestingly, the west side that shows a regular geometric shape with a flat surface and tilted at an angle of about 25-30 ° (Romano, 2009; Conrad, 2009). These forms are described by various authors as "trapezoidal and triangular facets (Panizzi, 1995; PANIZZA & Attridge, 1978) classified as different depending on where you are (UFIMTSEV, 1990).
Brancaccio and ALT. (1977) year described some typical examples that can be observed in the limestone hills of the southern Apennines. The profile that the author describes, shows a linear and an inclination of 35 °.
analysis of tectonic structures
From the geological map (Fig. 2) we can see the major faults mapped in the area of \u200b\u200bstudy. Through photo interpretation of satellite images, taken from Google Maps, you can define the location and geometry of the different tectonic structures in the area that are represented by net fault systems mostly high-angle (Fig. 4).
From the data collected through analysis of geological maps and photo-interpretation of satellite images, were identified in the study area two main systems of tectonic structures:
· System NE - SW: with an orientation of about N 50 ° / 60 ° and called in scientific literature as "Antiappennino system" because it cuts the axis of the Apennine Mountains in transversal;
· System NO - SE: with an orientation of about N 300 ° and called in scientific literature as "system Apennine "because it is parallel to the chain Apennines (longitudinal);
The two systems intersect at an angle of close to 120 degrees. The geometrical analysis is concordant with other publications that describe the structural setting of the Northern Apennines (FAZZINI & Gelmini, 1982; Boccaletti and ALT., 1977, 1980, 1985; Bettelli and ALT., 1989a, 1989b; Papanice AND ALT. , 1987; BETTELLA, Vannucci & CAPTAINS, 2001; Bettelli, CAPTAINS & SANDWICHES, 2002; TOYS, 2003). There is also a system with N 20 ° orientation is not mapped in the geological map, but with pronounced morphological evidence found by the study of satellite images (Fig. 4)
On the west side of the pyramid structure and slightly lower down we find a planar surface inclined trapezoidal average of 20/25 °.
Conclusion The phenomenon of the pyramidal structure of Vesallo in the Province of Reggio Emilia is a natural phenomenon linked to the processes of erosion and chemical weathering selective along the main tectonic movement of the two successive blocks.
The data obtained from geological maps and photo interpretation show that the pyramidal structure is rotated by an angle 15 ° N (Fig. 3) and the side of some pyramidal structure located to the north is aligned according to the "the Apennines" (N 300 °) while the west side of the structure is aligned with the second tectonic structures with distinct geomorphological evidence that the macroscopic scale can be associated with those faults in the direction of the Apennines. The uncertainty of the two places in the east and south sides is probably due to the processes of modeling natural and anthropogenic.
The triangular area on the west side of the pyramid is related to the greater extent and the trapezoidal-mail to a share topographic lowest ever on the west side of the mountain. Both the two surfaces have the same inclination of 25/30 ° very close to that described by Brancaccio and ALT. (1977).
With the progress of geological time, tectonic efforts underway in the region have led to the dislocation of the different blocks of the training Ranzano, generating fault scarps (flat structural surfaces more or less extensive, fig.5).
Subsequently, erosion and alteration of those are back the fault scarp forming the triangular facets such as presets into the upper slope (summit at the facet of a minor fault) and Keystone (facet baseline) at the bottom, both with a slope of about 25/30 ° (Fig. 6).
The study shows how the physical and chemical processes on the main structural features of the pyramidal structures can generate very similar those that have been constructed by man. Not a model by man, but a long geological process that formed these odd structures.
To test the hypothesis described study is needed to scale mesostrutturale dell'affioramento, where to measure the orientation of the fault plane and check the actual parallel with the macroscopic structures and sides of the pyramid.
Bibliography
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