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Possiedo il 60 cm da circa un pio di mesi e ho avuto modo di usarlo circa una mezza dozzina di volte in alta risoluzione. In un paio di queste occasioni ho anche fatto dei report osservativi: il 3 marzo ( link ) e il giorno April 8 (link ).
I enclose a photograph of 15 February (the cloth hood was short but I stretched). The comparison with the GSO 8 "speaks for itself.

After about 6 observations in high resolution I think it's time to take stock. The nights are consistent with a typical situation of seeing and not seeing a particularly good (it would be was Jan. 23, when I looked at 480x in GSO). The best was probably seeing the April 8, but unfortunately (as explained in the report), the battery of the fan was half full. By this I mean that it is therefore performance "average" or typical, not exceptional cases, taking into account the average seeing conditions and also imperfect use.
The best night, despite the fan discharge, was perhaps the 8 April. Do not repeat the description of cpose observed. I just want to make a budget and some considerations on the conditions that when met allow us to use a large opening in the highest resolution.

Last night, April 14, I put the side back to the GSO, to evaluate a bit 'better advantage of the large opening. The GSO could be used to about 240x on Saturn (compared with 480x of 23 January to get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe quality of seeing conditions than the better). The 60 cm had no problem, now, to support the order of 400x magnification. With the passing of time the boundary layer narrowed on the mirror (the mirror as they went in temperature) and even improved vision. The most obvious difference was that the Saturn in the 8 "at 240x seemed small and dark, while in 60 cm was large and clear. The size and clarity brought with them the ability to distinguish colors and an endless variation of colors in the cups. Without colors and small-scale (240x) the planet's ice caps were slightly stretched, but the colors and the cover twice the size can be resolved in a series of colored bands that ranged from yellow to blue with an orange stripe and the other ( that the band was more evident in 8 ").
Obviously this description, made up of only adjectives can not make a quantitative sense in the reader. Some might say that he sees "very colorful" or "dry, clean and marble" and there would be no way of knowing "how" dry and marble.
To give then a more objective idea of \u200b\u200bthe quality of images obtained with a large opening and then describe the vision of Titan on April 8. The satellite, when the mirror was enough acclimatized, appeared as a disk of appreciable size (and a nice orange color). The other satellites, neighbors, were significantly more point. To assess the feelings of this observation scaled disc Ariya an opening of 15 cm and the diameter of Titan.

Titan has an apparent diameter of 0.8 ". Even a telescope of 15 cm has a" resolution "according to the Rayleigh criterion of 0.8. However it should be noted that the "resolution" in Rayleigh is equal to the radius from the center of the Airy disk to the first minimum in the ring black (between the disc and the first diffraction ring). If a point source is located at a distance of 0.8 "arc, ends up at the dark ring and then" resolved, but this obviously refers to the ability to separate two point sources and is something else than the possibility to actually see the diameter of a disk. The overall diameter of the Airy disk, in fact, is equal to 1.6 "(at least the black light). As the figure shows Titan's all well contained in the Airy disk. It follows that with an aperture of 15 cm to see Titan's diameter is necessary to enlarge the valuable point that even the stars have a diameter even larger. This means that you can not see Titan as a floppy disk and at the same time pinpoint stars. To be honest, neither is it true that you can actually see Titan as a floppy disk, because what you see is just an enlargement of the Airy disk. Instead
the Titan was a 60 cm disk several times larger than the other satellites. And we're talking about a situation of seeing typical (six nights without any particular selection choices over two months).
This observation, that anyone would try to play, obviously definitively debunks the idea that more than 15-20 cm aperture can not be exploited. No Titan 15-20 cm may show as a disk and at the same time the smallest stars.

Ma .. there is a but. What do I need in order to achieve this?
1) First thing is a matter of good workmanship. In particular it must be countered board and should not be wrinkled. Both spread the light very well reducing the contrast. These defects can be produced without working with tight deadlines. Optics very smooth, I have seen only in the best handicrafts, work very slowly and extending the polishing stage for a long time (I suggest you read the Yahoo group of Zambia). For the board replied the issue is different in the sense that some handicrafts to other smooth-edge can happen replied. Note that these are two flaws that are not easily seen with an interferometer.
2) Temperature control. The temperature control is essential. Should always check (in intrafocale blurring) the state of convective cells ( link). For the extraction of the boundary layer using a system like this (link , another link). I enclose a few pictures of the system that is currently installed at 60 cm.


3) eyepieces. This in a sense is a surprise. Looking back I had already sensed something, but only 60 cm allowed me realizing it. Last night (April 14) I used different types of eye and I noticed that the Nagler type 6 have sbordature of light and color effects of off-axis that are not visible in smaller telescopes. To put it more accurately, a 420x, 1.5 mm exit pupil of the 7 mm Nagler type 6 shows the effects of light similar to those of turbulence (sharp edges and the traced edges of light). In smaller telescopes to 1.5 mm exit pupil light of this neighborhood I had ever seen, but I always had wrongly attributed the effect al fatto che l'immagine fosse "troppo luminosa e troppo piccola". Di tutti gli oculari il Nagler è quello che mostrava questi effetti in maniera più evidente, ma anche gli altri ne erano soggetti: l'ETHOS 13 e i Pentax mostravano effetti simili ma in misura meno apprezzabile. Curiosamente il Burgess da 5 mm da questo punto di vista andava meglio (o forse era favorito dal fatto che a 5 mm la pupilla di uscita di 1 mm cominciava a nascondere i bordi di luce). Fuori asse solo l'ETHOS e i pentax non introducono coma. La cosa sorprendente, però, è stato il risultato ottenuto con un pentax 21 con barlow 2,8x (400x come il Nagler 7): nessun bordo di luce. Immagine molto "secca" a 400x. La mia interpretazione è che gli oculari siano stati disegnati per telescopi di diametro inferiore e meno luminosi, e che la maggiore raccolta di luce metta in evidenza "difetti" che non possono essere nemmeno considerati tali, visto che un oculare è un perfetto bilanciamento di diversi requisiti e che sarebbe poco sensato ottimizzare gli oculari per i telescopi meno frequenti. La barlow, ovviamente, stringe il fascio ottico e rilassa lo stress per l'oculare. Nel confrontare strumenti più o meno aperti e più o meno grandi occorre quindi tenere conto che anche ottimi oculari potrebbero essere finiti in un campo di uso per il quale non sono ottimizzati (prima di passare alle conclusioni)

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Roma-Udinese, and the summary results of the game series amps! 20/03/2010

ROME, March 20, 2010 - The Roma suffer, but wins - their own quality of the big teams -, fold a beautiful Udinese 4-2 and raises the challenge to Inter, now -4. Evidence of heart and substance of the Giallorossi, if they could not play at Udinese on top of the maneuver, for the many absences, they waited for the right moment to express, and hit, his attackers. Here Vucinic has done the lion's share, with a hat-trick, which has removed the chestnuts from the fire, the Bianconeri after Marino had managed to equalize. Now, waiting for tomorrow's Milan-Napoli, the challenge becomes glowing shield.

ROME CYNIC - Ranieri, without De Rossi, Mexes, Pizarro, Taddei, disqualified, and the long-stay Totti, Cassetti choose the right, with a diamond midfield that has advanced Menez summit behind the two strikers Toni-Vucinic. Udinese Pasquale starts with the left tail and on the bench, and place in the Sanchez trident with Di Natale and Floro Flores. The Juventus man show at startup, try throwing in the depth and pain Roma, whose midfield is in distress. Di Natale, Sammarco, Isla Sanchez and move well and legitimize the dominance of the Friuli region in the early 15 ', while Roma highlights the budgeted limits for maneuver. The play Udinese, AS Roma marks; shows the Bianconeri play an airy and pleasant, but unproductive, the Giallorossi hit cynically exploiting the great coldness of his toes. The race is released thanks to Toni, who at 15 'is not easy to tame a ball, turns around and finds the bottom right corner of Handanovic, perhaps delayed the conclusion. Sammarco, well served in the area shortly after pulling badly and get a doubling of Rome on the counterattack, Vucinic has launched flawlessly at the door, controls well, begs the guard Zapata and score with a beautiful shot to fall. The 2-0 at 24 'punishes overly Udinese, which is being reorganized and shortened distances. She needs a penalty to do that, at 38 ', marked by Christmas and granted by the referee for a deduction of up Brighi Sammarco, but it seems to start outside the box. The invitation remains open, with the Friuli region who prefer the right lane to attack, while Roma relies on the extraction of its points above its asking for the resumption to make a difference - they succeed in a recovery that begins with a flash Menez of which dazzles the Olympic: Click on the band, Lukovic settled, but the wrong conclusion, at the edge of the pile, when it is face to face with Handanovic. Gol failure, goals at once: after a couple of shots and rebounds of Christmas Sammarco, served on shares in photocopy from the right side from Friuli preferred to attack, is the top scorer of the league is 2-2. Christmas in small replica action on the net after confusion in the area and made up to the 21 replicating the entire Milito. The balance of the score corresponds to that expressed in the field of play, but the naivety in one fell swoop Isla compromises the good built until then Udinese. An entry in a high leg Menez area on the coast of the rigor of the Juventus defender 3-2, marked by Vucinic, 21 ', which turns off the lights the party and Juventus at the Olimpico. Which still has time to peel his hands in at least three circumstances: to a 4-2 Vucinic, wonderful action on the right hand of Menez, another issue of the French side finished in a little and Burdisso's header that calls the Handanovic miracle. Curtain: The night the lights of Rome to accompany the great dream.

Source: gazzetta.it

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The synthesis and the results of playing Champions League, Barcelona-Stuttgart 17/03/2010!

MILAN, March 17, 2010 - Three phenomena is haunting Europe, with individual scores from scary: Cristiano Ronaldo, Rooney and Messi . The first had to leave prematurely the Champions League, the English are great at compensating for the departure of the Portuguese from Manchester, the Argentine puts us more in the ability to win matches alone. Thirty-one goals in the season for Leo, the 21st of his career in the Champions League and 4-0 in Stuttgart on yet another demonstration to be unstoppable even with just a few meters available.

NEL NOME DI LEO - E' una sua accelerazione, partendo a destra e convergendo verso il centro, che apre la partita per il Barcellona. Azione personale chiusa al 14' da un sinistro potente sotto la traversa. E' un suo suggerimento per l'inserimento di Touré a chiudere di fatto il discorso qualificazione contro i tedeschi. Al 22' pesca Yaya in area, che serve al centro Pedro, per il secondo gol del Barça e il 17° della splendida stagione del gioiellino blaugrana. Ed è ancora Messi a chiudere sul 3-0, dopo un tacco di Alves: Messi si gira e colpisce col sinistro, Lehmann non è perfetto. Rispetto ad altre uscite, Messi agisce più al centro, e fa la differenza partendo da lì: un buon segnale anche for Maradona, who tends to deploy there, as a pure finisher.

Ibrahimovic, 65 'on the bench - Guardiola also denounce summer sending Ibrahimovic on the bench: the square in front of striker Henry, reclaimed the role in the league without Zlatan, and Pedro to complete the trident. Ibrahim, a day after Eto'o's goal, sits on 65 ', others do not feel his absence. Then go for Busquets, receives a good reception from the Camp Nou and sends the final goal for Bojan 4-0, with a bell'assist. The game quickly downhill helps Barca, who can use one of his best weapons, the possession, and runs very little risk. Great race Yaya Toure, usually Dani Alves on the right, positive Maxwell, who is taking advantage of the open spaces of the accident Abidal. When he loses his balance a bit Stuttgart ', here is a lesson on the art of the restart and use of bands (especially with Pedro): the Catalans always go well and there's dangerous to cross. In general, a performance at the perfect season, the last. For Inter, like all others, will do best of luck and try to avoid the champions in the quarterfinals.

Stuttgart "asphalt" - out of the Champions Stuttgart and can not even have too many regrets: the huge technical difference between the two formations. For a while 'Gross's team tries to cover up e cercare un episodio, i due gol fanno saltare il piano, ma non arrivano comunque rifornimenti per Pogrebnyak e Cacau (meglio Marica nella ripresa). Manifesta inferiorità e poche sortite in attacco: Molinaro prova qualche volte a salire, con tanta corsa, ma rifinisce male e in fase difensiva tiene poco Pedro.

LE QUALIFICATE AI QUARTI - Queste le squadre qualificate ai quarti di finale (sorteggio venerdì 20 a Nyon):
Arsenal, Bayern Monaco, Barcellona, Bordeaux, CSKA Mosca, Inter, Lione, Manchester United

Fonte: gazzetta.it, tuttosport.com

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The synthesis and the results of Champin League match Chelsea-Inter 16/03/2010! Amauri

LONDRA, 17 marzo 2010 - "I do not want this to be my best win with Inter." The phrase sounds like a promise of Mourinho to Inter fans, who on Friday (the draw in Nyon) know their next opponents. Maybe it will be better, but the night of Stamford Bridge will remain in memory. An evening "special", an evening that remove the curse of the second round, an evening in which one comes away win against a big English, Champions, in a knockout challenge. If it is not a novelty, close enough.

THE DIRECTOR - Night of Heroes with prizes for everyone. Oscar director José Mourinho chose to its great players, does not yield to the blackmail of aspiring prima donnas, choose the perfect location in the stadium, one of Chelsea, who made it big. Adds to his movie the twist (initial) of a cavalry charge (more Sneijder three points), making him repeat his driving scenes until they are perfect.

THE STAR - Academy Award for Best Actor for Samuel Eto'o as the hero who is apparently lying on the ground defeated. Make time to forget about it and he returns to the highlight scene, for "Matare" enemies. Credits the winning goal, the one who takes away the doubt, after a game in which it was pointed out in a spirit of sacrifice, and makes not even his roles (midfielder added).

THE CREW - But the success of the film crew also helped by the Nerazzurri. There is the employee lights Sneijder. And 'the Dutch who turns the spotlight of the Inter game, after an initial moment of suffering, with specific passages that illuminate the scene and the actors of the attack. There is the factotum Cambiasso, the man who solves problems, who runs the camp, that when you crop is also starring appearances (see the goal of going). There are the bodyguard Lucius and Samuel, with men and other people working quietly, we think that to defend them, no matter how many opponents there are to be monitored. It is the former unemployed Pandev: the director could not promise a part, but seeing its application, could not help but place it in front of a camera.

CONTINUE ... - Overall test of applause, which refers to the dreaded words "The End". There will be a sequel, now you just have to keep the same high standards.

Source: gazzetta.it